Tag Archives: Texts

Nebuchadnezzar I’s Message to Babylon From Elam (7)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal)

          [To the people of Babylon], privileged [people], members of the expert professions,

        those who are knowledgeable (and) wise, […] … merchants (lit. “those who carry money-bags”)

        (and) commercial agents, (all) those of Babylon, (both) great and small, say (the following):

          “[Thus (says) Nebuchadnezzar], viceroy for the god Enlil, a descendant of (a native family of) Babylon, the king your lord:

          ‘[The following] (is to be used) for the stela:

          [(…) With regard to the great lord, the god Marduk, who] has been angry with all the cult centres for a long time,

        […] you should know (that) he [has relented and] taken [pity] on Babylon.

        [He summoned me to Esagila] (Marduk’s ziggurat / residence in Banylon), the awe-inspiring sanctuary,

        [and] he gave me a magnificent commission.

        He told me to go by road (and) path [on campaign to the land of] Elam.

          Anxiously, I concerned myself [with the command of the great lord, the god Marduk].

 (Enlil, Utu, & Msrduk)

        I assembled the troops of the gods Enlil, Šamaš (Shamash / Utu), and Marduk

        and […] had them take the road [to the land of] Elam.

        They [traveled] distant [paths] (and) traversed waterless routes by night (and) d[ay].

          [… at the Ul]āia [River], the wicked enemy, the Elamite, kept guard over the watering places. […] troo[ps … trav]ersed.

        I did not give (them) water to drink or allow them (time) to recover from their fatigue. … […]

        I hastened to go forth against him.

        The weapons […] for war.

        By the strength (granted me) by the god Enl[il …] could not have […]; the king of the land of Elam held back.

        His defeat was accomplished; [his …] were scattered; (and) his assembled (forces) were dispersed.

        He abandoned his troops and [crossed] his rivers.

        He was benumbed […] I destroyed his country.

        [He] abandoned his strong cities [(…)] (and) disappeared.

         (Marduk, lord over Babylon & Egypt)

          I hastened on and […] saw the god Marduk, the exalted hero of the gods.

        Moreover, the gods of the land [… who] had ordered […], were seen with him.

        I took heart […] I was [awe-str]uck. I let forth uncontrolled wailing.

        [I grasped] the hand of the great lord, [the god Marduk,

        and] caused him to take the road towards his (own) country.

          The property of the temple, the dwelling […] extensive.

        Moreover, … […] I saw. … […] countless […] was [indeed] weighty and … […] road 

        … […] … his face … […] his property … […] the god Bēl … as delight … gold, the property of Babylon,

        … […] to [(…)] Esagila (rev. 10) […] … food-offerings in the future. […] you should return (it) to its place.

        […] … set up a (commemorative) tablet! […] do not destroy their …!

        […] revere their pos[ition]! (rev. 15) […] … quickly … […] … to go …

        […] may he put an end to his life!’”

          […] message which he sent from the land of Elam to the people of Babylon.

Prayer of Nebuchadnezzar I (6)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal)

          […] … […] …

          He (Šutruk-nanḫundi) drove away the king [Zababa]-šuma-iddina (and) did away with his reign.

          […] his son Kudur-nanḫundi.

          [This king, whose] offence exceeded those of his (fore)fathers (and) [whose] grievous crime was greater than (theirs),

          plotted [ev]il against the land of Akkad (and) fabricated evil reports.

        […] Enlil-nādin-aḫi, a king who preceded me, [who …] established enmity […] (and) spoke of … […]

          and he (Kudur-nanḫundi) over[whelmed] all the people of the land of Akkad like a flood.

          He turned all their august [cult ce]ntres [into ruins].

          He made [the god Marduk], the great [lo]rd, rise from [his …] seat.

          He took [to Elam] as booty [the …] of Sumer and Akkad.

        […] he led Enlil-nādin-aḫi [away to Elam, … h]im, (and) did away with [his] reig

          […] not a native of Babylon, (but rather) a foe […] […] his […]

          […] (divine) punishment […] […] … [… ] […]

          […] ... […] […] … […] [… who was] terror-stricken, took to the mountains.

          […] … harassed his enemy.

 (Marduk, eldest son to Enki)

          They observed [the omens concerning] him (and) sought the judgment of the god Ma[rduk].

         [… worr]ied, harassed, (and) perturbed, I said (to myself):

          “[Unlike] my [predecessor] who flourished in Elam, let me die this very day!

          […] (from) battle with him, let me not turn back!”

          [… wi]th the remainder of (my) people I waited for him at the head of the Uqnû (River) and [did not tu]rn (back).

 (Nergal, Lord of the Under World)

          Against the will of the gods, the god Erra (Nergal), (most) powerful of the gods, smote my [war]riors.

          The enfeebling […] bound my team (of horses).

          […] ... the kattillu-demon was killing my thoroughbred horses.

          [I] was afraid of death. I did not advance into battle (but rather) turned back.

          […] were heavy and I sat benumbed at the town Kār-Dūr-Apil-Sîn.

          The Elamite [advanced] and I withdrew before him.

          [I lay on] a bed of depression (and) sighs, (praying):

          “[…] me that I … before him!

          […] do not release the bonds of the gates!

          […] may his enemy enter!

          […] one who endures evil.

          […] by the word(s) of my lips.

 (Enlil, Commander on Earth)

          […] ... and may the heart of the god Enlil be appeased!

          […] may his emotions be soothed!”

          […] turmoil […] …

Supplications to the god Marduk for Nebuchadnezzar I (5)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal)

         

        In Babylon dwells Nebuchadnezzar, [the king].

           (faint image of King Nebuchadnezzar I)

        He rages like a lion (and) thun[ders] like the god Adad.

        Like a lion, he frigh[tens] his distinguished nobles.

        [His] supplications go to the god Marduk, lord of Babylon:

          “Have pity on me, one who is dejected and prost[rate]!

        Have pity on my land, which weeps and mourns!

        Have pity on my people, who wail and weep!

        O lord of Babylon, how long will you dwell in the land of the enemy?

        May beautiful Babylon be remembered by you!

          (Marduk’s Esagila & residence in Babylon)

        Turn your face back to Esagila (“House Whose Top Is High”), which you love!”

          The lord of Babylon listened to [the supplication(s) of]

        Nebuchadnezzar and [his command] comes down to him from heaven:

          “[… b]y (my own) mouth I spoke to you.

        [Instructions (promising)] good fortune, I have sent to you.

        [With] my [support] you are to attack the land of Amurru (Martu, Anu’s son).

        […] listen to [the iss]uing of your instructions!

        […] take me [from E]lam to Babylon!

        Let me, [… the lord of Ba]bylon, give Elam to you!

        […] above and below.”

        […] has seized [(…)] his gods […]

          […]

        Colophon

          

          […] Akkad, written (and) collated (from) a copy (in) Babylon.

          […] king of the world, king of Assyria.

Prayer to Adad for Nebuchadnezzar I (1)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal)

            (Nebuchadnezzar I & temple residences of alien gods, Marduk’s Babylonian king)

         Nebuchadnezzar, [pious] prince, [(…) for whom] the god Marduk, hero among the gods,

        [decreed] a fate without equ[al], humble, who reveres the great gods [(…)], submissive, prayerful,

       [(…)], true shepherd, who provides for the cul[t centres], king of justice, king of Babyl[on (…)]:

         (giant alien god Adad wearing boots, another warrior son to Enlil)

        for the god Adad, the powerful lord […], almighty, foremost, sovereign [(…)],

        my lord at whose mighty battle-cry […], the sound of whose roar on high is pleasant … […],

        lord of Enamḫe (“House of Plenty”), who dwells in Ekitušḫegaltila [(…)],

        who makes me triumph, my helper [(…)] […] … enemy.

        […] I smote and […] … I established.

       [(…)] I cut off […] from the land of Sumer and Akkad.

         […] … […] my heart.

         […] … because in the place of battle, strife, (and) fighting [(…)]

       at the clash of arms and the revealing of the standard, the great god going forth [(…)].

         Help me! Come to my side! … […]

         By his reliable positive answer […] fire […] his weapon … […] … […]

         Nebuchadne[zzar …] in the place of fighting […]

         On account of this […] Ekitušḫeg[alti]l[a …] … […]… […]

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Nabu-suma-iskun I Text (Version B)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal)

        […] Marduk-apla-uṣur […] the Chaldean.

          […] Tigris River […] … […] … […] he k[il]led; […] … […] … […] … […] … people

        […] … […] the fifth day […] … […] … […] to Esagila.

          […] … […] … […] […]

          At that time Nabû-šuma-iškun directed his attention from Babylon to his (own) land.

     (Marduk & son Nabu the scribe)

         At the command of the gods Nabû and Marduk, <his> lords, he entered … into his house;

          He did not go out again either to do battle or to go on a journey …

  (Nanaya seated with Babylonian king before her)

          Further, in the third year he brought (the statue of) the goddess Nanāia (Nanaya, Nabu’s spouse) of Ezida,

        the beloved of the god Nabû, into the temple’s sacred workshop.

          He held back (the statue of) the god Nabû in Babylon and turned the eve of the (eššēšu)-festival

        and the eššēšu-festival day (itself) into (a festival of only) one day.

          With the good gar[ment] of the god Bēl (Marduk) in the month of Šabaṭu, the good garment of the god [Na]

        … of the god Bēl he extended to the goddess Tašmētu (Nanaya).

          Hair … he made abundant … gold … he entered the sanctuary of the god Bēl, introducing …

 (Ezida, Marduk’s temple residence in Babylon)

          He introduced the leek, which is taboo to Ezida … the god Nabû,

        and made those privileged to enter the temple eat (it).

          The god Ea (Enki), the lord of wisdom, whose exalted dwelling …

        He made (him) get up from (his) dwelling, (a place) befitting his great divinity, making (him) sit in the gate …

        The god Madānu (unidentified) … Babylon … he removes his … and makes (him) go (away).

          … and … … […] … […] … … […] … […] … […] she who sits on the throne […] seven lions.

        […] … and […] he trampled.

        … […] … and [ … he ha]rnessed it.

  (Inanna, Goddess of Love & War)

        That which the goddess [tar …] the goddess Ištar (Ishtar / Inanna) … […] he had released.

        … […] he extended.

        […] the god Ninpirig (unidentified) […] he brought near.

        […] the god Nabû was detained in Babylon and […] and dwelt among the rebels.

        […] Babylon … […] he burned with fire.

        […] him, the great lord, the god Marduk, […] the god Marduk … the king went

        […] … he said […] and sets.

        […] … […] … […] … [… ] … […] …

          […] […] … […] … […]

        When the splendid lord … the exemption of Bab<ylon>, Borsippa and …

        And the oath which Enlil-AŠ-KUR, son of Ku-… the governor of the city Larak, had caused them (the people) <to take>,

 (Marduk, Nabu, & Nergal)

        In Babylon, Borsippa, and Kutha, he extended in the presence of the gods Bēl, Nabû, and Nergal.

        Yearly he increased against them (the level of) killing, robbing, murdering,

        (and) performance of feudal obligations and corvée-labour.

        On a <single> day he burned (alive) sixteen Cuthians

        with fire in the gate of the god Zababa (Ninurta), which is inside Babylon.

        He carried off citizens of Babylon to the lands of Ḫatti and Elam as greeting-gifts.

        He expelled the citizens of Babylon, their wives, children and servants, and he <settled them> in the steppe.

        The house(s) of the citizens of Babylon … he piled up into heaps of ruins and turned (them) over to his palace.

          (With regard to) the public square, the route of the god Šarʾur (Ashur),

        beloved of his lord, who goes along the street(s) of his city in the third month,

        He blocked off the roadway of his (Šarʾur’s) route and turned (it) over to his palace;

        he had him (Šarʾur) go along a road which was not part of his route.

        He seized Mudammiq-Adad, the son of Adad-šuma-ēreš, his ally,

        without (Mudammiq-Adad having committed) any transgression or rebellion;

        He carried off his (Mudammiq-Adad’s) people, as many as there were,

        to the Chaldeans and Arameans as greeting-gifts.

        He put at his own disposal his (Mudammiq-Adad’s) villages, fields,

        houses, orchards, and possessions, as many as there were.

          (With regard to) Śagab-il of the city Dūru, who in order to save (himself)

        had come out from the bank of the Euphrates (and gone) before him (Nabû-šuma-iškun) with a treaty and oath,

        He (Nabû-šuma-iškun) committed against him that which is taboo to princes,

        (namely) insults (and) unspeakable abuse, and he counted his city as booty.

        In the sixth year, he directed his attention to renovating Esagila, the palace of the Enlil of the gods (Marduk).

        The property of Esagila, as much as previous kings had brought into it,

        He brought out and collected inside his (own) palace; he appropriated (it) for himself:

          (Namely) silver, gold, precious, valuable stones and everything befitting a divinity, as much as there was.

        In accordance with his (own) desire, he installed there the gods of the Sealand, the Chaldeans, and Arameans.

        He adorned his palace women (and) presented (them) as greeting-gifts to the lands of Ḫatti and Elam.

        When the seventh year arrived, he went to Bīt-Dakkūri with evil intent;

        Afterwards, Nabû-šuma-iškun, the Dakkurian, <in accordance with> the treaty

        and the oath (sworn by the names) of the great gods,

        Brought out horses, soldiers, and chariots and ordered (them) on a campaign with him.

        He gave bread, fine beer, and ḫirigalû-flour to his entire camp.

  (Shamash / Utu & Marduk)

        On the twentieth day of the month of Addaru, the day … to the gods Šamaš (Shamash / Utu) and Marduk,

        he did not respect (his sworn) treaty and oath;

        The people, as many as were encamped in green pastures, held joyful celebrations.

          […] […] … […] […] the god Bēl [… he] settled.

          […] the god Sîn (Sin / Nannar) […] [… in] the shrine […] […] … […] … [… Bab]ylon [… he estab]lished them.

        […] … […] Babylon […] … [… that] he had gathered […] … […] let me send.

        […] the great lord, the god Marduk […] … glared;

        […] … they removed him and […] he plundered […] of his house.

        […] … his/its survivor(s) […] he was confined;

        […] the fugitive […] he turned back; […] the land of Akkad […] he burned.

        […] … Borsippa […] … Dilbat and Cutha.

        […] against him for a leader […] their […] he plunders their possessions.

        […] … he went and […] … the governor of Larak.

        [… the treat]y and oath (sworn by the names of) the great gods, seven times […] … and they seized with him.

        […] these men … without (any) transgression […] … he seized;

        […] … he took them and […] settled them [in the ste]ppe.

        […] … to the bitter water […] them.

        […] he reached and the god Nabû, who before […] he held back in Babylon.

        […] … […] … he had made; […] and the god Nabû, the august heir […] he plundered it, they said.

          […] […] … […] […] … […] …

Nabu-suma-iskun II Text

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in bluemixed-breed demigods in teal...)

          [For the god …] … venerable, splendid, the god Mudugas (unidentified),

        exalted, sovereign,[spouse of] the goddess Ninsiga (unidentified)

        (most) honoured of (all) goddesses, mistress of (all) the inhabited world, majestic, goddess of absolutely everything —

         (Ninurta, warrior son to Enlil)

        the god [Ut]ulu (Ninurta), the powerful lord who marches in front of all the gods,

        perfect […] of the gods, resplendent, beloved of the god Ninšiku (Ea) (Enki), (i 5)

        [endowed with] wisdom and insight, who evaluates omens, […] of kingship,

        the one who directs everything, who grants sceptre, throne, reign, (and) royal crown,

         (Enlil)

        perfect [offspring] of the god Nunamnir (Enlil), honoured son, offspring of the princess of the gods, the goddess Erua,

        […] of Esagila, lord of everything, victorious, beloved of the god Marduk,

           (Ashur, eldest son to Marduk)

        [… of the god As]ari (Ashur), eldest son (of Marduk), foremost, the one who goes in front,

        the one who […] with the father who begat him … (i 10) […] judge of the gods, king of the great gods,

        the one who is res[plendent] in the east and in the west, [… of the go]ds, his own counsellor,

        the one who accepts entreaties (and) hearkens to supplications, one who has broad under[standing, …,

        the one to whose] venerable command the Igīgū (Igigi) gods submit themselves humbly

        (and) the Anunnakū (Anunnaki) gods [… clad in] a holy awe-inspiring sheen,

        garbed in terrifying splendour, filled with fearfulness, […] established judgment

        and the Sibitti gods do not [… (i 15) …, the one who has] work songs [su]ng in the land,

        the one who begot … […] … who establishes plenty, abundance, and wealth for […]

        … the great gods […] who makes prosper […] is not equalled […] … […]

          … […] to administer the people correctly […] to Borsippa […] he proceeds along the road […] (i 5′)

        this storehouse […] a praiseworthy structure … […]

        of this storehouse in [… which] had buckled and become weak […] … […]

        which from time immemorial, from long before me,

        no governor (or) commissioner of B[orsippa] (i 10′) had done,

        he charged me with this work and entrusted (it) to me —

        me, Nabû-šuma-imbi, son of Ēda-ē[ṭir], nešakku-official,

          (giant god Nabu, statue now destroyed by radical Islam)

        one privileged to enter the temple of the god Nabû (Marduk’s 3rd son),

        governor of Borsippa, slave who reveres his great godhead (and) stands in service before him,

        prayerful soldier who constantly pays attention to the cult of the god Nabû, lord of the lands (and) lord of the gods.

        I began that work and ordered that it be done.

          Disorders, disturbances, revolt, and turmoil occurred in Borsippa, the city of truth and justice.

        During the reign of king Nabû-šuma-iškun, the Dakkurian, the Babylonians, the Borsippians,

        (the people of) the town Dutēti (which is on) the bank of the Euphrates,

        all the Chaldeans, Arameans, (and) the people of Dilbat sharpened their weapons

        for many days (to fight) with one another (and) slew one another.

        Moreover, they fought with the Borsippians over their fields.

          […] … Nabû-šuma-iddin, son of Aqar-Nabû, one privileged (mixed-breed) to enter the temple of the god Nabû,

        the chief administrator of Ezida […]… by himself

        he set against/concerning Nabû-šuma-imbi, son of Ēda-ēṭir, governor of Borsippa. (ii i)

        By night, like thieves, the enemy, the foreigner, fug[itives, …], wicked enemies, with stopped ears,

        who would not listen to me, per[verse, (…)] I returned […] to Ezida,

        and Ezida and Borsippa […] they seized and set up a hue and cr[y] over the city and temple, (ii 5) as they fought.

        On this night, the Borsippians and the people of […], who were present to help one another,

        surrounded the house of Nabû-šuma-[imbi, son of Ēda-ēṭir], governor of Borsippa and with arrows

        and [… From evening] until sunrise they raised battle-crys.

        From eve[ning] until sunrise Nabû-šuma-imbi, son of Ēda-ēṭir, governor of Bors[ippa …]… prayed,

          “Nabû, my … are no more!” […] … […]

        […] their […] … […] burnt […] plenty, and to [… (ii 5′) …] … the storehouse […]

        Nabû-šuma-imbi, son of Ēda-ēṭir, governor [of Borsippa …] who reveres him

        (and) stands in service bef[ore him …] his great [godhead], let them speak […] let him agree!

        [Let him be]stow on him [as a gift] and [grant him] as a present peace (and) good […]!

        (Nanaya & Babylonian king)

         [May the goddess Nanāia (Nanaya, Nabu’s spouse)], … mistress of (all) the goddesses […],

        the compassionate goddess, creat[or of …], whose word is favourable,

        [whose] utte[rance cannot be changed, whose] command cannot be altered […],

        intercede [for me] daily (ii 15′) in the presence of [the god Nabû] …

        who makes decisions for heaven and [netherworld …], the son of the Enlil [of the gods (Marduk)]!

        May I increase [(my) good fortune]! […] distant days, year[s …], life of shining […] as a gift […] offspring,

        may [...] progeny […] in the palace […] may her word be favourable! […]

          May [his position as] shepherd be confirmed with (regard to) Ez[ida and] Borsippa! […]

        May his [words] be pleasing unto the king of the gods, the lord of lords! […] way [… Ezida] and Borsippa

        in the presence of the god Nabû and the goddess Nanāia, the supreme gods […]

        May he experience the fullness of old [age]!

        In strife, war, fierce battle, and camp[aigning, …] (ii 25′) he, [his] offspring, his […] to go to his aid,

        to overthrow […] may he fill his hands with plenty [… (and)] great abundance!

           (Nergal & father Enlil)

        At […] and at … of the god Erra (Nergal), the raging one, beloved son of the god Enlil, the pow[erful …]

        May dagger (and) pla[gue] never draw near him!

        May peace be established for him! […] to extinguish his wicked enemies like embers!

        [May he praise] your (Nabû and Nanāia’s) godhead and [your] greatness (ii 30′) for (all) future generations!

        May you, lord, be his help […]

        Call him [so that he may sing of your] fame for future days!

        O god Na[ accept] the prayers and supplications of Nabû-šuma-imbi, governor of Borsippa!

          Inscription dealing with the storehouse, from the enclosure wall of Ezida.

Ereshkigal’s Choice, Partial Text to “Before All Befores”

“How Ereshkigal Chose the Underworld”

https://earth-history.com/

Earth’s Ancient History   A Website dedicated to Ancient Times

(Texts: All Artefacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

           (Lord Air Enlil son & heir to King Anu, Anu’s Earth Colony Commander)

       After Ki, Mother Earth and Queen, was separated by Enlil, Lord Air,

          (Skyfather King Anu in his winged sky-disc, father in heaven / planet Nibiru to ruling gods on Earth)

       Master of Winds, their firstborn, from An (Anu), Skyfather and King,

       and the primal Unity of Heaven and Earth was forever lost, in the Heights Above,

       An wept for Ki, longing for her embrace and kiss.

       His heartfelt tears met Nammu the Sea.

       She reached out for the Sky Lord, and Mother and grieving son made for the first time sweet Love.

       From the mingling of their bodies a Boy and a Girl, Divine Twins were born.

       Enki and Ereshkigal, they were called.

         2a - Ereshkigal, Nannar's Daughter3 - Enki, god of the waters (Ereshkigal & Enki, had son Ningishzidda, the builder of pyramids / ziggurats, etc.)

       As time went by, Ereshkigal and Enki grew with the blessings of Creation’s dawn.

       Curious and sometimes wise beyond their years,

       brother and sister played especially in the Watery Deep of Nammu the Sea.

       Enki would float here and there, whereas Ereshkigal swam and dived everywhere.

       ‘Ereshkigal, I can’t see you! Come back to the surface, will you?

       Why do you have to hide within the waters

       when there is so much to see and do without?’ asked Enki with a sigh.

       ‘A rhetoric question, young brother, without doubt’,

       countered Enlil amusedly from the shore, where he kept watch over the Duke,

       the Holy Mound of Creation, and Mother Ki, his eyes gleaming with fond laughter.

       ‘Just let Ereshkigal be for a while.

       At least I could do without her whys and wherefores for a minute or so!’

       ‘I heard you, Big Brother (in this text)!’ replied Ereshkigal.

       She came out to the surface riding a wave,

       and immediately put all her efforts together to raise a mighty wall of splashing water

       towards the rock where Enlil watched over the Earth and Enki’s floating body.

       Both Enlil and Enki ran for cover.

       They were going to succeed and escape Ereshkigal’s watery rage… perhaps this time?

       “Not as yet”, thought Ereshkigal with a satisfied grin,

       dripping with water and as fresh as the purest springs of Mother Urash.

       She sat by Enlil’s and Enki’s feet.

       ‘So I ask too many questions, brothers of mine? Of course I do!

       I want to Know and to Know I must ask first!

       At least this is what I feel it should be!’

       Ereshkigal ignored the resigned amusement of Enlil and Enki and proceeded with confidence:

       ‘ There is a whole world within the Sea and I suspect in everything there is.

       Moreover, there must be things beyond and below I feel I should know, and I will, one day.

       While you, Enlil, devise the Plans of Creation,

       and you, Enki, busy yourself with forms and shapes these plans may take without,

       I am concerned with the power within that binds these plans and images together in combinations of all sorts.

       I don’t know how to explain it, but I simply feel there is a refulgence within,

       there is a Pattern that binds words and shapes together, beings and things,

       and it is this pattern I want to know. I will know. I just need to find out how.‘

       A fleeting shadow crossed Enlil’s smiling face.

        ‘I wish I saw things your way, Ereshkigal, just to understand and explain the unexplained.

       Take Kur, for example, and our dark little brothers and sisters who followed him to the land’s end.

       It is true Kur and the others looked different from us.

       But why did they leave the safety of the Duku, the mound of creation,

       why did they go beyond the Waters of Mother Nammu.’

        ‘You are worrying about Kur and the Dark Guardians again, Enlil.

       Why don’t you take them and Kur for what they are?

       Whatever and wherever they are?’ asked Ereshkigal.

        ‘Had you laid your eyes on Kur, you’d understand my concern.

       He and the others are different from us, from our younger sisters and brothers. ‘

       But why should we all be the same, Older Brother?

       Indeed, I believe we are all very, very different.

       In Form and Essence, despite some Resemblance in Appearance.

       I may be very wrong, Enlil, but I feel that if you keep fixing your eyes on but one thing,

       you’ll miss out what could be the other side of the same thing.

       Or person and being,’ remarked thoughtfully Ereshkigal.

       ‘Wise words, little sister!

       The point is that I take my Guardianship over the Earth too serious’, agreed Enlil.

       ‘But there is something odd I cannot understand about Kur.

       And I for sure wouldn’t like to visit the place where he chose to dwell either,

         4 - door to Ereshkigal's Underworld 4cc - Ninlil follows Enlil to the Underworld (entrance of the Under World, domain of Ereshkigal)

       at the entrance of the Underworld’, countered Enlil.

         ‘I am sort of curious about these unknowable things.

       And I don’t fear what I don’t know.

       Even this Kur you don’t understand, Enlil.

       Indeed, I am curious about Kur,’ replied Ereshkigal.

        ‘And where is this Underworld, by the way?’

        ‘None have gone there yet’, answered Enki.

       ‘It is beyond the edge of this world.

       Mother Nammu says that it spreads itself as deep below as the heights of Father An stretch above.’

       ‘This sounds really interesting!

       A whole new realm nobody has been to or knows so much about!’ exclaimed Ereshkigal.

        ‘O, sister, sometimes I wish you showed more respect for what you don’t know.

       Just for safety’s sake’, supplied Enki.

         ‘I am careful. And Inquisitive and Curious.’

       In her mind, Ereshkigal added silently “even about this mysterious Kur and the Underworld.”

       And so it was that Ereshkigal, the daughter of Nammu the Sea,

       born of the bittersweet loss that the Skyfather felt for Ki, twin Sister of Enki,

       grew with the Desire to Know the Unknown and Reveal Patterns Unseen.

       Everyday she would play with Enki, her Companion and Best of Friends, and pester Enlil with countless questions.

       Everyday Ereshkigal would dive into the deep waters of the Mother and swim longer distances

       to resurface energized, with more and more questions in her mind and a deeper resolve forming inside.

       One day, Ereshkigal chose not to return to the Middleworld.

       This was the day she had found Kur (or he had found her perhaps?),

       and the little dark half brothers and sisters of theirs.

       They looked ugly and threatening, scattered over the edge of the world, at the entrance of the Underworld.

       They seemed to be lonely too, for all kept to their spaces, alone and isolated, but looking pretty menacing.

       “So much pain and loneliness, such rage and hunger for what they know not what.

       Such desire to belong, but they know not where or how”, she thought, but didn’t say a word.

          (Ereshkigal, Queen of the Under World, sometimes Anu’s daughter, sometimes Nannar’s)

       Faithful to herself, Ereshkigal didn’t flinch at Kur’s features or at the misshapen faces of the dark little ones.

       Yes, he did not look like any of the other Anunnaki Ereshkigal knew very well, but this didn’t make him threatening to her.

       Kur was… different.

       Indeed, with his huge scaly body and wings, Primeval Snake and Dragon,

       Ereshkigal felt he was like the raw power of Mother Ninhursag-Ki.

       A Beast, but she knew there was beauty within him… or it?

       Still, Ereshkigal l felt no fear for the Unknown and a longing embrace it and make her it own.

         ‘I am not afraid of you. Of any of you’ she said out loud, and she meant it. ‘

       You are my half brother, Kur, and so are the dark little ones.

       And somehow I feel there is beauty within you all, even if you and others don’t have eyes to see. But I have.

       Dive into your Essence, brother, search for the seed that brought you, me and all into being.

       I also came from that seed.

       There you will find what unite us, what make us One of a Kind with the One who is All Kinds.’

       Thus she dived into the immensity of Kur’s anguish and loss, for she accepted Kur for what he was,

       ugliness, pain, rage and loneliness to find out his all whys.

         ‘I vowed to challenge and fight to the very end all who dared to fare to the world’s end’, said Kur.

         ‘And I take up the Challenge’, answered Ereshkigal.

         ‘But I’ve traveled long and far to come to you.

       You are a Challenge to me. I need to understand you.

       And myself along the process.’

       “Why are you doing this?”

       Ereshkigal heard the question in her mind, as she held Kur closer and closer to her own self.

       ‘I myself don’t know very well why, but I simply need to.

       Perhaps to grow in Understanding of who I am, of who and what you and your own are.

       To learn and Share, out of a Desire for Love and Healing

       that comes from the bottom of my heart, mind, body and Soul.

       And may this way, when I am wise about these things,

       may I perhaps earn my crown in a brand new Realm‘, she replied loud and clear.

       Kur’s features must have shown the equivalent to a smile, for his voice sounded also lighthearted and interested.

        ‘You are strange, half sister. I won’t fight you… as yet.

       Tell me about this new realm where you want to conquer your crown’, said Kur, his curiosity stirred.

          ‘How... I still must find out. Where…’

       Ereshkigal turned round pointed at the distance, where the Unknown lied yet unexplored.

        ‘There,’ she said, ’the Unknown, the Underworld, the Depths Within, where Appearances don’t count, just Essence.

       Perhaps I’ll go further by going deeper. Who knows?’

       Kur came closer and closer still. Ereshkigal kept her ground, just waiting.

       So although he might think he was seizing her, indeed it was she who had captured him.

       To stretch his and her boundaries of being.

       Heart pounding, but keeping very still outwards,

       Ereshkigal felt her awareness grow as she experienced the wounds Kur had inside,

       his desire to belong anywhere, to fit in.

       Suddenly, she also realized how different she had always felt.

       Even from Enki and Enlil, whom she loved with all her heart, mind and soul,

       but who could never dive into the depths she longed to thread upon.

       Ereshkigal sighed deeply, and glanced into the distance for a brief moment,

         08-02-12/29 (Enlil & older 1/2 brother Enki carved into ancient city wall)

       in the direction where Enlil and Enki sure were.

       Maybe her Quest was another. She turned to Kur.

       ‘ What I will be from now on, I must discover’, was her cryptic reply to Kur’s unspoken question,

        but she knew he understood what she still was unable to say out loud.

          ‘It may be a long task,’ Kur replied.

         ‘Perhaps if I let each day bring what it has to offer, and see what I can do with what it brings,

       I will be able to accomplish something different.

       To learn something different and grow likewise. Will you do this with me?’

       Thoughtfully, but with an engaging smile, Ereshkigal stretched her hand to hold Kur’s scaly paw.

       Together, they crossed the threshold to the Underworld.

       Ereshkigal had always felt the pull to feel and experience the Unknown.

       Now she chose to go where no one had gone before,

       to stay in the uncharted realms of the Great Below, to fill up its Emptiness with her Being.

       Her voice then resonated loud and clear in all worlds of Creation,

       Heights Above, Middleworld, over the edge of the Earth and, for the first time, echoed in the Depths Below:

         ‘I claim the Realm of the Depths, the Underworld as my domain.’

       She had found her life’s Quest. Not looking back,

         (unidentified & Ninsun; Ereshkigal crossed the threshold & became “Queen of the Under World“)

       Ereshkigal crossed the threshold to the Below, never to come back.

Washington’s Vision

In the National Tribune, 1880, an article appeared giving an account of the “Vision of Washington” at Valley Forge. The account was told by a gentleman named Anthony Sherman, a soldier who was supposedly with Washington at Valley Forge.

The place was Valley Forge, in the cold and bitter winter of 1777. Washington’s army had suffered several reverses and the situation was desperate. Food was scarce. The Continental Congress was not sending supplies or money. Some of the troops did not even have shoes to wear in the snow. Many soldiers were sick and dying from disease and exposure. Morale was at an all-time low and there was great agitation in the Colonies against continued effort to secure our freedom from England. Nevertheless, General Washington was determined to see the struggle through.

Anthony Sherman wrote:

You doubtless heard the story of Washington’s going to the thicket to pray in secret for aid and comfort from God, the interposition of whose Divine Providence brought us safely through the darkest days of tribulation. One day, I remember it well, when the chilly winds whistled through the leafless trees, though the sky was cloudless and the sun shown brightly, he remained in his quarters nearly all the afternoon alone. When he came out, I noticed that his face was a shade paler than usual. There seemed to be something on his mind of more than ordinary importance. Returning just after dusk, he dispatched an orderly to the quarters who was presently in attendance. After a preliminary conversation of about an hour, Washington, gazing upon his companion with that strange look of dignity which he alone commanded, related the event that occurred that day.”

“George Washington’s Vision”

This afternoon, as I was sitting at this table engaged in preparing a dispatch, something seemed to disturb me. Looking up, I beheld standing opposite me a singularly beautiful female. So astonished was I, for I had given strict orders not to be disturbed, that it was some moments before I found language to inquire the cause of her presence. A second, a third and even a fourth time did I repeat my question, but received no answer from my mysterious visitor except a slight raising of her eyes.

By this time I felt strange sensations spreading through me. I would have risen but the riveted gaze of the being before me rendered volition impossible. I assayed once more to address her, but my tongue had become useless, as though it had become paralyzed.

A new influence, mysterious, potent, irresistible, took possession of me. All I could do was to gaze steadily, vacantly at my unknown visitor. Gradually the surrounding atmosphere seemed as if it had become filled with sensations, and luminous. Everything about me seemed to rarefy, the mysterious visitor herself becoming more airy and yet more distinct to my sight than before. I now began to feel as one dying, or rather to experience the sensations which I have sometimes imagined accompany dissolution. I did not think, I did not reason, I did not move; all were alike impossible. I was only conscious of gazing fixedly, vacantly at my companion.

Presently I heard a voice saying,

“Son of the Republic, look and learn,”

while at the same time my visitor extended her arm eastwardly, I now beheld a heavy white vapor at some distance rising fold upon fold. This gradually dissipated, and I looked upon a stranger scene. Before me lay spread out in one vast plain all the countries of the world — Europe, Asia, Africa and America. I saw rolling and tossing between Europe and America the billows of the Atlantic, and between Asia and America lay the Pacific.

“Son of the Republic,” said the same mysterious voice as before, “look and learn.”

At that moment I beheld a dark, shadowy being, like an angel, standing or rather floating in mid-air, between Europe and America. Dipping water out of the ocean in the hollow of each hand, he sprinkled some upon America with his right hand, while with his left hand he cast some on Europe. Immediately a cloud raised from these countries, and joined in mid-ocean. For a while it remained stationary, and then moved slowly westward, until it enveloped America in its murky folds. Sharp flashes of lightning gleamed through it at intervals, and I heard the smothered groans and cries of the American people.

A second time the angel dipped water from the ocean, and sprinkled it out as before. The dark cloud was then drawn back to the ocean, in whose heaving billows in sank from view. A third time I heard the mysterious voice saying,

“Son of the Republic, look and learn,”

I cast my eyes upon America and beheld villages and towns and cities springing up one after another until the whole land from the Atlantic to the Pacific was dotted with them.

Again, I heard the mysterious voice say,

“Son of the Republic, the end of the century cometh, look and learn.”

At this the dark shadowy angel turned his face southward, and from Africa I saw an ill omened specter approach our land. It flitted slowly over every town and city of the latter. The inhabitants presently set themselves in battle array against each other. As I continued looking I saw a bright angel, on whose brow rested a crown of light, on which was traced the word “Union,” bearing the American flag which he placed between the divided nation, and said,

“Remember ye are brethren.”

Instantly, the inhabitants, casting from them their weapons became friends once more, and united around the National Standard.

“And again I heard the mysterious voice saying

“Son of the Republic, look and learn.”

At this the dark, shadowy angel placed a trumpet to his mouth, and blew three distinct blasts; and taking water from the ocean, he sprinkled it upon Europe, Asia and Africa. Then my eyes beheld a fearful scene: From each of these countries arose thick, black clouds that were soon joined into one. Throughout this mass there gleamed a dark red light by which I saw hordes of armed men, who, moving with the cloud, marched by land and sailed by sea to America. Our country was enveloped in this volume of cloud, and I saw these vast armies devastate the whole county and burn the villages, towns and cities that I beheld springing up. As my ears listened to the thundering of the cannon, clashing of sword, and the shouts and cries of millions in mortal combat, I heard again the mysterious voice saying,

“Son of the Republic, look and learn”

When the voice had ceased, the dark shadowy angel placed his trumpet once more to his mouth, and blew a long and fearful blast. “Instantly a light as of a thousand suns shone down from above me, and pierced and broke into fragments the dark cloud which enveloped America. At the same moment the angel upon whose head still shone the word Union, and who bore our national flag in one hand and a sword in the other, descended from the heavens attended by legions of white spirits. These immediately joined the inhabitants of America, who I perceived were will nigh overcome, but who immediately taking courage again, closed up their broken ranks and renewed the battle.

Again, amid the fearful noise of the conflict, I heard the mysterious voice saying,

“Son of the Republic, look and learn.”

As the voice ceased, the shadowy angel for the last time dipped water from the ocean and sprinkled it upon America. Instantly the dark cloud rolled back, together with the armies it had brought, leaving the inhabitants of the land victorious!

Then once more I beheld the villages, towns and cities springing up where I had seen them before, while the bright angel, planting the azure standard he had brought in the midst of them, cried with a loud voice:

“While the stars remain, and the heavens send down dew upon the earth, so long shall the Union last.”

And taking from his brow the crown on which blazoned the word “Union,” he placed it upon the Standard while the people, kneeling down, said, “Amen.”

The scene instantly began to fade and dissolve, and I at last saw nothing but the rising, curling vapor I at first beheld. This also disappearing, I found myself once more gazing upon the mysterious visitor, who, in the same voice I had heard before, said,

“Son of the Republic, what you have seen is thus interpreted: Three great perils will come upon the Republic. The most fearful is the third, but in this greatest conflict the whole world united shall not prevail against her. Let every child of the Republic learn to live for his God, his land and the Union.”

With these words the vision vanished, and I started from my seat and felt that I had seen a vision wherein had been shown to me the birth, progress, and destiny of the United States.

Sumerian tablet of Ereshkigal

“how Ereshkigal chose the Underworld”

Earth’s Ancient History

A Website dedicated to Ancient Times

(Texts: All Artefacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

 

        1ae - Enlil, Babylonian (Enlil)

        After Ki, Mother Earth and Queen, was separated by Enlil, Lord Air,

           3 - Anu, father of the gods on Earth

                         (An / Anu)

        Master of Winds, their firstborn, from An (Anu), Sky father and King,

        and the primal Unity of Heaven and Earth was forever lost,

        in the Heights Above, An (Anu) wept for Ki,

        longing for her embrace and kiss.

        His heartfelt tears met Nammu the Sea.

        She reached out for the Sky Lord, and Mother

        and grieving son made for the first time sweet Love.

        From the mingling of their bodies a Boy and a Girl,

           2aa - Enki, found in Sin's temple at Khorsabad2 - Ereshkigal

        Divine Twins were born. Enki and Ereshkigal, they were called.

        As time went by, Ereshkigal and Enki grew with the blessings of Creation’s dawn.

        Curious and sometimes wise beyond their years,

        brother and sister played especially in the Watery Deep of Nammu the Sea.

        Enki would float here and there, whereas Ereshkigal swam and dived everywhere.

        ‘ Ereshkigal, I can’t see you! Come back to the surface, will you?

        Why do you have to hide within the waters

        when there is so much to see and do without?’ asked Enki with a sigh.

        ‘A rhetoric question, young brother, without doubt’,

        countered Enlil amusedly from the shore,

        where he kept watch over the Duku, the Holy Mound of Creation,

        and Mother Ki, (sometimes Antu, sometimes Ninhursag)

        his eyes gleaming with fond laughter.

        ‘Just let Ereshkigal be for a while.

        At least I could do without her whys and wherefores for a minute or so!’

 

        ‘ I heard you, Big Brother!’ replied Ereshkigal.

        She came out to the surface riding a wave,

        and immediately put all her efforts together

        to raise a mighty wall of splashing water towards the rock

        where Enlil watched over the Earth and Enki’s floating body.

        Both Enlil and Enki ran for cover.

        They were going to succeed and escape Ereshkigal’s watery rage… perhaps this time?

 

        “Not as yet”, thought Ereshkigal with a satisfied grin,

        dripping with water and as fresh as the purest springs

        of Mother Urash (sometimes Nammu, sometimes Ninhursag).

        She sat by Enlil’s and Enki’s feet.

 

        ‘ So I ask too many questions, brothers of mine? Of course I do!

        I want to Know and to Know I must ask first!

        At least this is what I feel it should be!’

        Ereshkigal ignored the resigned amusement of Enlil and Enki

        and proceeded with confidence:

        ‘ There is a whole world within the Sea and I suspect in everything there is.

        Moreover, there must be things beyond and below

        I feel I should know, and I will, one day.

        While you, Enlil, devise the Plans of Creation,

        and you, Enki, busy yourself with forms and shapes these plans may take without,

        I am concerned with the power within that binds these plans

        and images together in combinations of all sorts.

        I don’t know how to explain it, but I simply feel there is a refulgence within,

        there is a Pattern that binds words and shapes together, beings and things,

        and it is this pattern I want to know.

        I will know. I just need to find out how.‘

           2 - Enlil, chief god of All On Earth

        A fleeting shadow crossed Enlil’s smiling face.

          ‘I wish I saw things your way, Ereshkigal,

        just to understand and explain the unexplained.

        Take Kur, for example, and our dark little brothers and sisters

        who followed him to the land’s end.

        It is true Kur and the others looked different from us.

        But why did they leave the safety of the Duku, the mound of creation,

        why did they go beyond the Waters of Mother Nammu.’

 

         ‘ You are worrying about Kur and the Dark Guardians again, Enlil.

        Why don’t you take them and Kur for what they are?

        Whatever and wherever they are?’ asked Ereshkigal.

         ‘ Had you laid your eyes on Kur, you’d understand my concern.

        He and the others are different from us, from our younger sisters and brothers. ‘

         ‘ But why should we all be the same, Older Brother?

        Indeed, I believe we are all very, very different.

        In Form and Essence, despite some Resemblance in Appearance.

        I may be very wrong, Enlil, but I feel that if you keep fixing your eyes on but one thing,

        you’ll miss out what could be the other side of the same thing.

        Or person and being,’ remarked thoughtfully Ereshkigal.

 

        ‘ Wise words, little sister!

        The point is that I take my Guardianship over the Earth too serious,’ agreed Enlil.

        ‘But there is something odd I cannot understand about Kur.

        And I for sure wouldn’t like to visit the place where he chose to dwell either,

        at the entrance of the Underworld,’ countered Enlil.

 

         ‘ I am sort of curious about these unknowable things.

        And I don’t fear what I don’t know.

        Even this Kur you don’t understand, Enlil.

        Indeed, I am curious about Kur,’ replied Ereshkigal.

         ‘And where is this Underworld, by the way?’

 

         ‘ None have gone there yet’, answered Enki.

        ‘ It is beyond the edge of this world.

        Mother Nammu says that it spreads itself as deep below

        as the heights of Father An stretch above.’

 

        ‘ This sounds really interesting!

        A whole new realm nobody has been to

        or knows so much about!’ exclaimed Ereshkigal.

         ‘ O, sister, sometimes I wish you showed more respect for what you don’t know.

        Just for safety’s sake’, supplied Enki.

 

         ‘ I am careful. And Inquisitive and Curious.

         ’ In her mind, Ereshkigal added silently

       ” even about this mysterious Kur and the Underworld”.

 

        And so it was that Ereshkigal, the daughter of Nammu the Sea,

        born of the bittersweet loss that the Sky father felt for Ki (Ninhursag),

        twin Sister of Enki, (Ninhursag is Enki’s twin)

        grew with the Desire to Know the Unknown and Reveal Patterns Unseen.

        Everyday she would play with Enki, her Companion and Best of Friends,

        and pester Enlil with countless questions.

 

        Everyday Ereshkigal would dive into the deep waters of the Mother

        and swim longer distances to resurface energized,

        with more and more questions in her mind and a deeper resolve forming inside.

 

        One day, Ereshkigal chose not to return to the Middle world.

        This was the day she had found Kur (or he had found her perhaps?),

        and the little dark half brothers and sisters of theirs.

        They looked ugly and threatening, scattered over the edge of the world,

        at the entrance of the Underworld.

        They seemed to be lonely too, for all kept to their spaces,

        alone and isolated, but looking pretty menacing.

 

        Little dark half brothers and sisters ?,

        So this must be a “wrong” and other creation of her mother Nammu with another God,

        but maybe a experimental creation of the Gods.

 

        ” So much pain and loneliness, such rage and hunger for what they know not what.

        Such desire to belong, but they know not where or how” ,

        she thought, but didn’t say a word.

 

        Faithful to herself, Ereshkigal didn’t flinch at Kur’s features

        or at the misshapen faces of the dark little ones.

        Yes, he did not look like any of the other Anunnaki Ereshkigal knew very well,

        but this didn’t make him threatening to her.

        Kur was… different.

        Indeed, with his huge scaly body and wings, Primeval Snake and Dragon,

        Ereshkigal felt he was like the raw power of Mother Ninhursag-Ki (Ninhursag).

        A Beast, but she knew there was beauty within him…

        Still, Ereshkigal l felt no fear for the Unknown

        and a longing embrace it and make her it own.

 

         ‘ I am not afraid of you. Of any of you’ she said out loud, and she meant it.

        ‘ You are my half brother, Kur, and so are the dark little ones.

        And somehow I feel there is beauty within you all,

        even if you and others don’t have eyes to see. But I have.

        Dive into your Essence, brother,

        search for the seed that brought you, me and all into being.

        I also came from that seed.

        There you will find what unite us,

        what make us One of a Kind with the One who is All Kinds.’

 

        Thus she dived into the immensity of Kur’s anguish and loss,

        for she accepted Kur for what he was, ugliness, pain,

        rage and loneliness to find out his all whys.

 

         ‘ I vowed to challenge and fight to the very end

        all who dared to fare to the world’s end,’ said Kur.

 

          ‘ And I take up the Challenge,’ answered Ereshkigal.

          ‘But I’ve travelled long and far to come to you.

        You are a Challenge to me. I need to understand you.

        And myself along the process.’

 

        ” Why are you doing this?”

        Ereshkigal heard the question in her mind,

        as she held Kur closer and closer to her own self.

 

        ” I myself don’t know very well why, but I simply need to.

        Perhaps to grow in Understanding of who I am,

        of who and what you and your own are.

        To learn and Share, out of a Desire for Love and Healing

        that comes from the bottom of my heart, mind, body and Soul.

        And may this way, when I am wise about these things,

        may I perhaps earn my crown in a brand new Realm, ‘ she replied loud and clear.

 

        Kur’s features must have shown the equivalent to a smile,

        for his voice sounded also light-hearted and interested.

 

         ‘ You are strange, half sister. I won’t fight you… as yet.

        Tell me about this new realm

        where you want to conquer your crown,’ said Kur, his curiosity stirred.

 

         ‘ How… I still must find out. Where…’

        Ereshkigal turned round pointed at the distance,

        where the Unknown lied yet unexplored.

           4 - door to Ereshkigal's Underworld

         ‘ There,’ she said, ’the Unknown, the Underworld, the Depths Within,

        where Appearances don’t count, just Essence.

        Perhaps I’ll go further by going deeper. Who knows?’

 

        Kur came closer and closer still.

        Ereshkigal kept her ground, just waiting.

        So although he might think he was seizing her,

        indeed it was she who had captured him.

        To stretch his and her boundaries of being.

        Heart pounding, but keeping very still outwards,

        Ereshkigal felt her awareness grow as she experienced the wounds Kur had inside,

        his desire to belong anywhere, to fit in.

        Suddenly, she also realized how different she had always felt.

        Even from Enki and Enlil, whom she loved with all her heart, mind and soul,

        but who could never dive into the depths she longed to thread upon.

 

        Ereshkigal sighed deeply, and glanced into the distance for a brief moment,

        in the direction where Enlil and Enki sure were.

        Maybe her Quest was another. She turned to Kur.

 

         ‘ What I will be from now on, I must discover’,

        was her cryptic reply to Kur’s unspoken question,

        but she knew he understood what she still was unable to say out loud.

 

         ‘ It may be a long task,’ Kur replied.

 

         ‘ Perhaps if I let each day bring what it has to offer,

        and see what I can do with what it brings,

        I will be able to accomplish something different.

        To learn something different and grow likewise.

        Will you do this with me?’

 

        Thoughtfully, but with an engaging smile,

        Ereshkigal stretched her hand to hold Kur’s scaly paw.

        Together, they crossed the threshold to the Underworld.

 

        Ereshkigal had always felt the pull to feel and experience the Unknown.

        Now she chose to go where no one had gone before,

        to stay in the uncharted realms of the Great Below,

        to fill up its Emptiness with her Being.

        Her voice then resonated loud and clear in all worlds of Creation,

        Heights Above, Middle world, over the edge of the Earth and,

        for the first time, echoed in the Depths Below:

         ‘ I claim the Realm of the Depths, the Underworld as my domain.’

          4d - Ninlil followed Enlil to Ereshkigal's Underworld (Ereskigal in the Underworld)

        She had found her life’s Quest.

        Not looking back, Ereshkigal crossed the threshold to the Below, never to come back.

Sumerian Music Tablets

LEXICAL LIST OF 9 TYPES OF MUSICAL STRINGS,

23 TYPES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND MUSIC,

INCLUDING DIFFERENT TYPES OF STRINGED INSTRUMENTS

SUCH AS HARP AND LYRE,

AS WELL AS HITHERTO UNKNOWN INSTRUMENTS;

FURTHER LAPIS LAZULI, BEDS, COPPER UTENSILS, TEXTILES,

DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND SINEWS, JEWELLERY, WEAPONS,

LEATHER PARTS OF YOKE, STRAPS, SACKS, TYPES OF SHEEP,

KNIVES, AROMATICS AND PERFUMES, REED OBJECTS,

GRAINS AND FLOURS, ETC.

MS in Sumerian on clay, Sumer, 26th c. BC, upper half of a huge tablet + fragment of lower part, 20x30x5 cm + 9x18x5 cm, originally ca. 40x30x5 cm, 16+9 and 7+7 columns, 437+ ca. 100 lines remaining in cuneiform script, circular depressions introducing each new entry.

Binding: Barking, Essex, 1996, green quarter morocco gilt folding case by Aquarius.

Context: Similar, smaller tablets are known from Fara or Tell Abu Salabikh. 3 compilations all from 26th c. BC have music instruments. The present tablet is almost a duplicate of a relatively well-known lexical list, discussed by Miguel Civil in Cagni, Ebla 1975-1985, pp. 133 ff. The obverse is an abbreviated recension with minor changes in the sequence of the entries. The reverse is the continuation of the unfinished Fara recension.

Commentary: The earliest known record of music and musical instruments in history. The name of one of the stringed instruments is a Semitic word, ki-na-ru, the later kinnaru known from the Mari letters and Ras Shamra texts (13th c. BC, cfr. MS 1955/1-6), and the still later Biblical Hebrew kinnor. The system of phonetic notation in Sumer and Babylonia is based on a music terminology that gives individual names to 9 musical strings or ‘notes’, and to 14 basic terms describing intervals of the 4th and 5th that were used in tuning string instruments (according to 7 heptatonic diatonic scales), and terms for 3rds and 6ths that appear to have been used to fine tune (or temper in some way) the 7 notes generated for each scale. The combination of string names and interval terms is used to describe the tuning procedure and the generation of the 7 scales and form a skeletal phonetic notation. (The New Grove, 2nd ed., vol. 18, p. 74.) The oldest musical instruments known are a ca. 41 000 BC flute made of bear bone, found in 1995 at a Neanderthal site in Slovenia, and 6 intact and 30 fragmentary crane bone flutes from Jiahu, in the Chinese province of Henan, dated to 9000-7700 BC. One crane bone flute is still in playing order, the earliest instrument possible to play.

HEBE-ERIDU THE SON OF ADAD-LAMASI

SAT WITH IL-SIRI IN ORDER TO LEARN MUSIC.

AT THAT TIME, IN ORDER TO STUDY SINGING,

THE TIGIDLU-INSTRUMENT,

THE ASILA, TIGI INSTRUMENT,

AND THE ADAB INSTRUMENT SEVEN TIMES,

ADAD-LAMASI PAID IL-SIRI 5 SHEKELS OF SILVER.

ILI-IPPALSANI, THE SCHOOLMASTER”

MS in Neo Sumerian on clay, Babylonia, 1900-1700 BC, 1 tablet, 6,5×4,4×2,0 cm, single column, 13 lines in cuneiform script.

Binding: Barking, Essex, 2000, blue cloth gilt folding case by Aquarius.

Context: Cf. MS 2340 listing 23 types of musical instruments.

Commentary: There are texts of dialogues between a teacher and a scribe


Old Babylonian cuneiform musical notation

MUSICAL NOTATION OF 2 ASCENDING CONSECUTIVE HEPTATONIC SCALES TO BE PLAYED ON A 4 STRINGED LUTE TUNED IN ASCENDING FIFTHS: C – G – D – A, USING FRETS; SCHOOL TEXT

MS in Old Babylonian on clay, Babylonia, 2000-1700 BC, 1 lenticular tablet, diam. 9,0×3,2 cm, 2 double columns, each of 7 ruled lines with numbers in Old Babylonian cuneiform notation, with headings, ‘intonation’ and ‘incantation’, respectively.

Context: The only other complete music text is a later Hurrian hymn written in the mode of nidqibli, which is the enneatonic descending scale of E.

Commentary: The oldest musical notation known so far. Lutes are not preserved from the Old Babylonian period. The earliest known description of a lute dates from the middle of the 10th c., of a 9th c. instrument, Oxford, Bodleian library MS Marsh 521. The present notation system gives contemporary information on the Old Babylonian 4 stringed lute. It further attests that frets were used, and that their values, tonal and semitonal, were purposely calculated. Most significantly the discovery of this text attests of a music syllabus in educational institutions about 4000 years ago.

Published: To be published by Richard Dunnbrill: An Old Babylonian music text, from where the information has been taken.