Category Archives: Minor Gods

Pegasus by Wikipedia

Pegasus (Greek: Πήγασος, Pégasos, ‘strong’) is a flying horse with wings in Greek mythology. He is the son of Poseidon and the Gorgon Medusa.[1] In cartoons and other stories, Pegasus was said to be the horse of the legendary hero Hercules.

The myth of the Pegasus is interesting and educational, and helps us understand an era gone by.

The Pegasus is a white horse with wings that can fly. It is very beautiful, and can only be controlled with a golden bridle given to Bellerophon by Athena.

Long ago, Perseus killed the monster Medusa using a reflective shield and winged sandals. He cut off her head, which had the hair of poisonous snakes and was so ugly it would turn to stone anyone who looked at it straight on, and from her blood sprang the winged horse Pegasus. Some stories say that Perseus rode Pegasus away, but other stories say he left before Pegasus was born.

Years later, there was a young man named Bellerophon, living in Corinth. Bellerophon had always longed to ride Pegasus, but Pegasus refused to be tamed. Bellerophon decided to pray to Athena, who was the Greek goddess of wisdom. Athena gave him a golden bridle that allowed him to capture Pegasus.

Later, the brother of a king sent Bellerophon on a quest to defeat the Chimera, a legendary beast with the head of a lion that breathed fire, a goat’s head sprouting from its back, and the tail of a snake. Together, they defeated it and Bellerophon was honored. Then Bellerophon decided he wanted to be immortal and tried to fly with Pegasus to Mount Olympus, home of the gods. Zeus, angry, sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus, who bucked Bellerophon back to Earth.

Cakkan, Lord of the Hoofed Animals, Quotes From Texts

 

(Any writing in Bold Type, in Parenthesis, & in Italics is added by me, R. Brown, not the author!)

(gods in blue …mixed-breed demigods in teal…)

 

        “lord Nijir-si (Ninurta?), the precious lord, had not been born;

        Cakkan (god of hoofed animals) had not gone out into the barren lands.

        The people of those days did not know about eating bread.

        They did not know about wearing clothes; they went about with naked limbs in the Land.

         Like sheep they ate grass with their mouths and drank water from the ditches …”

 

        “He raised a holy crown over the upland plain.

        He fastened a lapis-lazuli beard to the high plain, and made it wear a lapis-lazuli headdress.

        He made this good place perfect with grasses and herbs in abundance.

        He multiplied the animals of the high plain to an appropriate degree,

        he multiplied the ibex and wild goats of the pastures, and made them copulate.

        Enki placed in charge of them the hero who is the crown of the high plain,

        who is the king of the countryside, the great lion of the high plain,

        the muscular, the hefty, the burly strength of Enlil – Cakkan, the king of the hills …”

 

        “Cakkan (the god of hoofed animals) had not gone out into the barren lands …”

 

        “Cakkan, the lord of donkeys, has positioned them at your feet …”

 

        “Grain answered Sheep: ‘As for you, Ickur (Adad) is your master,

        Cakkan your herdsman, and the dry land your bed.’ …”

 

        “Because of my lady, the numerous beasts of Cakkan,

        the creatures of the plain, the four-legged animals under the broad heavens …”

 

        “Like a perfect donkey of Cakkan, he runs over (1 ms. has instead: cuts through) the mountains,

        he dashes like a large, powerful donkey.

        A slim donkey, eager to run, he rushes forth.

        A lion in the field at dawn, he lets out roars; like a wolf which has seized a lamb, he runs quickly …”

 

        “With his divine duties, namely to request; to command; to co-operate with the one speaking straightforwardly;

        to …… the one speaking evil; to inform Nin-jirsu (Ninurta), the warrior sitting on a holy dais in the E-ninnu,

        Gudea introduced Cakkan, the wild ram, the minister of the E-duga, his ……, to lord Nin-jirsu …”

 

        “Cakkan, king of the mountain, embosses the king’s emblems and puts his implements in order.

        He twists a giant rope against the great peaks of the rebel land.

        He …… the sling, the quiver and the longbows …”

Cul-pa-ed / Shulpaed Quotes From Texts

Cul-pa-ed / Shul-pa-ed = Ninhursag‘s Spouse

House Master, Enlil‘s brother-in-law

        “You are the throne-bearer of An (Anu) and Enlil,

        the fierce constable of the gods, and the table-steward of Enlil…”

       

        “Cul-pa-ed, of great divine powers, god who appears in glory, lordly in battle,

        who makes vegetation grow tall in the Land!

        Lord who raises his great arms, battle-club that smashes all enemies!

        Pre-eminent brother-in-law of father Enlil, good youth!

        Enlil has named your august name…”

       

        “Hero Cul-pa-ed, lordly in heaven and on earth, my ……,

        may your name be truly called upon in all the foreign lands!… “

       

        “– you, hero Cul-pa-ed, are the lord of orchards and gardens, plantations and green reed-beds,

        of the quadrupeds of the wide high desert, of the animals, the living creatures of the plains.

        An (Anu), king of the gods, has put them in your hands;

        he has put them in your hands, and you are their lord.

        Hero Cul-pa-ed, they cannot escape your clutches…”

 

        “your wife is an august queen.

        You are beloved by Ninhursaja (Ninhursag).

        You are a hero before whom the gods are very fearful.

        Hero Cul-pa-ed, lordly in heaven and on earth,…”

 

        “The mother of the gods, Ninhursaja (Ninhursag),

        had the mighty (?) (altar) light of the lord live with her in Kec (Kish);

        she had Cul-pa-eda, no less, help her with the construction work (altar)…”

 

        “Cul-pa-ed the ruler acts as lord…”

 

Zababa Quotes From Texts

Zababa Quotes From Texts

Zababa = Enlil’s Younger Son, Warrior God

 

         “Adad-apla-iddina, king of Babylon, made Emeteursaga (“House Worthy of the Hero”) shine.

         The god Zababa (Enlil’s son) …”

 

        “Enlil’s power and responsibilities– were changed to be known as Marduk’s of lordship and council.”

        Ninurta’s – were changed to be known as Marduk of the hoe

        Nergal’s – were changed to be known as Marduk of the attack

        Zababa’s – were changed to be known as Marduk of the combat”

 

        “the warrior Zababa, has erected a house in your precinct,

        O E-dub (Storage house),

        O house Kiš, and taken his seat upon your dais.

        the house of Zababa in Kiš (Kish)…”

 

        “Zabada and the other gods of Kish,…”

 

        “Zababa‘s gate in the heart of Babylon…”

Accounting of Goods, Sumerian Text (AnOr 07, 062)

http://cdli.ucla.edu

AnOr 07, 062

 

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue … mixed-breed demigods in teal)

 

Tablet

obverse
1. 1 ox, grain-fed, 3 sheep, grain-fed,
2. 1 sheep, grass-fed,
3. for boat of An (Anunnaki King Anu);
4. 1 sheep, grain-fed, for Nanaya (Nabu’s spouse);
5. 1 sheep, grain-fed, for the temple of Gezal;
6. 1 lamb, that of disappearance(?), house of Nanaya;
7. 2 sheep, following the ox,
8. 1 goat, offering of the new moon, in Uruk;
9.  via Abilati;
10. 1 sheep, grain-fed, regular ration
11. sheep, grain-fed, wailing ceremony of Inanna;

reverse
1. 2 sheep, grain-fed, regular ration,
2. offering of Belat-suḫner,
3. and Belat-darraban;
4. 1 lamb, that of disappearance(?), in the palace;
5. 1 lamb, …
6. 1 sheep, grain-fed, offering of Nanna (Nannar);
7. Ur-Dumuzida, enforcer;
blank space
8. booked out (of the account of) Belī-ṭab, fattener;
9. of the house of Sagdana;
10. month: “Akiti,”
11. year: “Wall of the land erected.”

Prayer to Nanaya for Esarhaddon (136)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue … mixed-breed demigods in teal)

          (giant goddess Nanaya; Uruk ziggurat residences of gods)

        For the goddess Nanāya, queen of Uruk, great lady, his lady:

        Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad;

         who is assiduous toward the sanctuaries of the great gods;

         (Ashur’s residence)(Marduk’s Esagil ziggurat residence in Babylon)

          the one who (re)constructed the temple of the god Aššur (Ashur), (re)built Esagil and Babylon,

          renovated Eanna, completed the sanctuaries of all of the cult centers,

          (and) constantly established appropriate procedures in them;

          the one who conquered from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea (and) the one who made all rulers submissive to him;

         

                                (Esarhaddon;                                             Sennacherib;                                            Sargon II)

          son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria; descendant of Sargon (II),

         king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, (and) king of the land of Sumer and Akkad —

         (E-ana ziggurat, residences of giant alien goddesses in Uruk)

       Eḫiliana (“House, Luxuriance of Heaven”), the cella of the goddess Nanāya, my lady,

         which Nazi-Maruttaš, king of Babylon (1307 B.C.), had built, (and which)

         Erība-Marduk, king of Babylon (769 B.C.), had shored up, became old and dilapidated.

          I sought its (original) emplacement (and) repaired its dilapidated parts with baked bricks from a (ritually) pure kiln.

          I grasped the hands of the goddess Nanāya, my lady, brought (her) inside,

          (and) caused (her) to take up residence (there) forever.

       When the goddess Nanāya looks upon this work with pleasure,

          (Marduk, Inanna, Nabu, & Nanaya)

         may a good word for me — Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon —

         be set upon her lips before the god Nabû, my lord!

        (But as for) the one who erases my inscribed name by some crafty device,

          destroys my (royal) inscription, or changes its position,

          may the goddess Nanāya glare at him angrily and make his name (and) his descendant(s) disappear!

Prayer to Nanaya for Esarhaddon (135)

http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue … mixed-breed demigods in teal)

           (Nanaya, & semi-divine king brings his ill daughter for her help)

        For the goddess Nanāya, veiled one of the goddesses,

        who is adorned with attractiveness and joy and full of glamour,

           (Anu, giant alien Anunnaki King of planet Nibiru & Earth Colony)

        splendid daughter of the god Anu (alien Anunnaki king), whose lordship is supreme among all ladies,

        eminent spouse of the god Muzibsâ (Nabu), praised sekretu, beloved of his majesty, compassionate goddess,

        who goes to the help of the king who reveres her, who prolongs his reign,

        who dwells in Eḫiliana (“House, Luxuriance of Heaven”) — which is inside Eanna — queen of Uruk, great lady, his lady:

         (giant god Ashur, & King Esarhaddon etc. on their knees before him)

        Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad;

        respectful king who is assiduous toward the sanctuaries of the great gods;

        who reveres the lord of lords; the one who (re)constructed the temple of the god Aššur (Ashur),

           

                (Marduk’s Esagil ziggurat in Babylon;                Nabu’s Ezida ziggurat in Borsippa;                  Nanaya’s E-ana ziggurat in Uruk)

        (re)built Esagil and Babylon, provided for Ezida, renovated Eanna,

        completed the sanctuaries of cult centers, (and) constantly established appropriate procedures in them;

        son of Sennacherib, king of the world (and) king of Assyria; (mixed-breed) descendant of Sargon (II),

        king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, (and) king of the land of Sumer and Akkad —

            (Nanaya;  her private residence inside E-ana ziggurat)

        Eḫiliana (“House, Luxuriance of Heaven”), the cella of the goddess Nanāya, my lady, which is inside Eanna,

        which a previous king had built, became old and dilapidated.

        I sought its (original) ground-plan (and) repaired its dilapidated parts with baked bricks from a (ritually) pure kiln.

        I grasped the hands of the goddess Nanāya, great lady, brought (her) inside,

        and caused (her) to take up residence (there) forever.

        I offered splendid offerings and made her doorbolt extremely fine.

        O goddess Nanāya, august lady, when you are happily dwelling inside that cella, speak well of me —

          (Marduk, Inanna, Nabu, & spouae Nanaya)

        Esarhaddon, the prince who reveres you — before the god Nabû, your husband!

        Determine as my fate a long life, fullness of old age, good health, and happiness!

        Make the foundation of my royal throne as secure as a great mountain!

        Establish my reign as firm as heaven and netherworld!

        If at any time in the future, during the reign of some future ruler, this cella falls into disrepair,

        may (that ruler) repair its dilapidated state!

        May he write my name with his name!

        May he anoint with oil an inscription written in my name, make an offering,

        (and) set (that inscription) with an inscription written in his name!

        The gods will (then) hear his prayers.

        (But as for) the one who erases my inscribed name by some crafty device,

        destroys an inscription written in my name, or changes its position,

        may the goddess Nanāya, supreme lady, glare at him angrily and determine a bad fate for him!

        May she make his name (and) his descendant(s) disappear from the land and have no pity on him!

Nindara Quotes From Texts

Nindara = Nanshe’s Spouse, Enki‘s & Ninhursag’s Son-In-Law

Older Brother to Hendursaga

 

(Texts: All Artefacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

 

         “Nindara, the king of Lagaš (Lagash).

           Also with her help, monthly and at the New Year on the days of regular offerings,

           in your house Nindara makes the wedding-gifts on your behalf for the mistress, Mother Nanše…”

 

           “may the god Nin-dara (Nanshe’s husband) the royal warrior,…”

 

           “Let Nazi marry Nindara;…”

 

           “Nazi shall marry Nindara,…”

 

           “You are the accountant of Nindara (Nanshe’s spouse), king of Niĝin in its spacious location…”

 

           “My husband is the tax collector of the sea, Nindara is the tax collector of the sea.

           2 lines unclear

           A balbale of Nanše….”

 

           “For the god Nin-dara, the lord of destinies (?), his temple he has constructed….”

 

          “Gudea…dowered with power by the god Nin-dara…”

Kakka Quotes From Texts

Kakka = Anu’s vizier, son?

minor god and minister of state to Anu

 

(Texts: All Artefacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

 

        “When the seventh day arrived, Anu made his voice heard and spoke,

         Addressed his words to Kakka, his vizier,

         ‘Kakka, I shall send you to Kurnugi,

         To the home of Ereshkigal who dwells within Erkalla,

         To say, “That god, whom I sent you,

         Forever [ ]’ …”

 

         “Kakka went down the long stairway of heaven.

         When he reached the gate of Ereshkigal, he said,

         ‘Gatekeeper, open the gate to me!’

         ‘Kakka, come in, and may the gate bless you.’

         He let the god Kakka in through the first gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the second gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the third gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the fourth gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the fifth gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the sixth gate,

         He let the god Kakka in through the seventh gate.

         He entered into her spacious courtyard,

         He knelt down and kissed the ground in front of her.

         He straightened up, stood and addressed her,

         ‘Anu your father sent me’ …”

 

         “Ereshkigal made her voice heard and spake, she addressed her words to Kakka.

         ‘O messenger of Anu our father’ …”

 

        ‘”I , like my mother, I, Kaka, will ride high in joy like my mother!

         I, Nincubur I, Kaka, will ride high in joy like my mother’. …”

Geshtinana’s (House) – Temple Hymn

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature

(Texts: All Artifacts, Color Coding, & Writings in Bold Type With Italics Inside Parenthesis, are Added by Editor R. Brown, not the Authors, Translators, or Publishers!)

(gods in blue)

          2-geshtinanna-daughter-to-enki-ninsun (Geshtinana, daughter to Enki & Ninsun, scribe, Goddess of Songs, etc.)

          O house Kinirša, suited for its lady, ……, beautiful as a hill, standing by the ziqqurat,

          house, ……, place resounding loudly with happiness, house, your princess is a storm, riding on a lion, …….

          Exalted in holy song and antiphony, singing with a loud voice, the child, the true wild cow,

          taken care of at the holy breast of the mother who begot her (Ninsun),

          Dumuzid-abzu, has erected a house in your precinct,

          O shrine Kinirša, and taken her seat upon your dais.

          7 lines: the house of Dumuzid-abzu (Geshtinanna) in Kinirša.